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Maths and Physics Formula Sheet (Class 9–12, SAT)

Searchable, printable maths and physics formulas for classes 9–12 by chapter, plus geometry and SAT math.

52 formulas in 13 chapters

Real numbers

HCF and LCM of two numbers
HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b) = a × b
Fundamental theorem of arithmetic
every composite number is a unique product of primes

Polynomials

Zeroes of ax² + bx + c
α + β = −b/a; αβ = c/a
Zeroes of ax³ + bx² + cx + d
α + β + γ = −b/a; αβ + βγ + γα = c/a; αβγ = −d/a
Quadratic from its zeroes
x² − (α + β)x + αβ

Pair of linear equations

Equations
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
Unique solution (intersecting)
a1/a2 ≠ b1/b2
No solution (parallel)
a1/a2 = b1/b2 ≠ c1/c2
Infinitely many (coincident)
a1/a2 = b1/b2 = c1/c2

Quadratic equations

Quadratic formula
x = (−b ± √(b² − 4ac))/(2a)
Discriminant
D = b² − 4ac
Nature of roots
D > 0 two distinct real; D = 0 two equal; D < 0 no real roots

Arithmetic progressions

n-th term
an = a + (n − 1)d
Sum of n terms
Sn = (n/2)[2a + (n − 1)d] = (n/2)(a + l)
Sum of first n natural numbers
1 + 2 + … + n = n(n + 1)/2
n-th term from the sum
an = Sn − Sn − 1

Triangles

Basic proportionality theorem
if DE || BC in ΔABC, then AD/DB = AE/EC
Similar triangles
AB/PQ = BC/QR = CA/RP (criteria AAA, SSS, SAS)
Pythagoras theorem
AC² = AB² + BC² (right angle at B)

Coordinate geometry

Distance formula
d = √((x2 − x1)² + (y2 − y1)²)
Section formula (ratio m : n)
P = ((mx2 + nx1)/(m + n), (my2 + ny1)/(m + n))
Mid-point
M = ((x1 + x2)/2, (y1 + y2)/2)
Distance from the origin
√(x² + y²)

Introduction to trigonometry

Ratios
sin θ = P/H; cos θ = B/H; tan θ = P/B
Reciprocals
cosec θ = 1/sin θ; sec θ = 1/cos θ; cot θ = 1/tan θ
Quotient relation
tan θ = sin θ/cos θ; cot θ = cos θ/sin θ
Identities
sin²θ + cos²θ = 1; 1 + tan²θ = sec²θ; 1 + cot²θ = cosec²θ
sin of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°
0, 1/2, 1/√2, √3/2, 1
cos of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°
1, √3/2, 1/√2, 1/2, 0
tan of 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°
0, 1/√3, 1, √3, not defined
Heights and distances
tan θ = height/horizontal distance (θ = angle of elevation)

Circles

Tangent and radius
tangent ⊥ radius at the point of contact
Tangents from an external point
are equal in length

Areas related to circles

Circumference and area
C = 2πr; A = πr²
Length of an arc (angle θ)
l = (θ/360°) × 2πr
Area of a sector
A = (θ/360°) × πr²
Area of a segment
area of sector − area of the triangle

Surface areas and volumes

Cuboid
TSA = 2(lb + bh + hl); V = lbh
Cube
TSA = 6a²; V = a³
Cylinder
CSA = 2πrh; TSA = 2πr(r + h); V = πr²h
Cone
CSA = πrl; V = (1/3)πr²h
Sphere and hemisphere
SA = 4πr², V = (4/3)πr³; hemisphere TSA = 3πr², V = (2/3)πr³
Combined solids
add the visible surfaces; add or subtract the volumes

Statistics

Mean (direct method)
mean = Σfixi/Σfi
Mean (assumed mean)
mean = a + Σfidi/Σfi, di = xi − a
Mean (step deviation)
mean = a + h × Σfiui/Σfi, ui = (xi − a)/h
Mode (grouped)
mode = l + [(f1 − f0)/(2f1 − f0 − f2)] × h
Median (grouped)
median = l + [(n/2 − cf)/f] × h
Empirical relation
3 median = mode + 2 mean

Probability

Probability of an event
P(E) = favourable outcomes/total outcomes
Complementary events
P(E) + P(not E) = 1
Range
0 ≤ P(E) ≤ 1

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A printable maths and physics formula sheet for classes 9 to 12

This formula sheet collects the formulas students use most, organised by class and by the chapter names of the NCERT/CBSE syllabus: Class 9 and 10 maths and science (physics), Class 11 and 12 maths and physics, and a geometry and SAT math sheet. Pick a sheet, narrow it to one chapter or search for a word such as “lens” or “integration”, and print exactly what you need.

The formula sheet for class 10 maths opens first, from real numbers and quadratic equations to trigonometric values, mensuration, statistics and probability. Every formula is typed out — no blurry scans — and the PDF is vector, with proper Greek letters, square roots and integrals, so it stays sharp when printed.

How to use the Maths & Physics Formula Sheet (Class 9–12)

  1. Choose a sheet: a class and subject, the geometry and SAT sheet, or all of them.
  2. Optionally pick one chapter, or type in the search box to find formulas by name.
  3. Read the formulas on screen, or copy them as text.
  4. Set a title and text size, choose A4 or Letter, and press Print sheet, Download PDF or PNG.

Maths & Physics Formula Sheet (Class 9–12) features

About 400 formulas

Classes 9–12 maths and physics by chapter, plus geometry and SAT math.

Chapter and search filters

Print one chapter for revision, or every formula containing a word.

Real maths notation

Superscripts, subscripts, Greek letters, √ and ∫ on screen and in the PDF.

Vector PDF

Sharp at any zoom, with page numbers; also PNG and direct printing.

What is on each formula sheet

  • Class 9 maths: exponent laws, algebraic identities, remainder and factor theorems, Heron’s formula, cone and sphere.
  • Class 10 maths: HCF × LCM, zeroes of polynomials, linear-equation conditions, quadratic formula and discriminant, AP, distance and section formulas, trigonometric ratios, identities and values, arcs and sectors, mensuration, grouped mean, median and mode, probability.
  • Class 11 and 12 maths: sets, trigonometric identities, complex numbers, P&C, binomial theorem, GP, straight lines, conics, limits and derivatives, statistics; inverse trigonometry, matrices, derivatives, standard integrals, differential equations, vectors, 3-D lines and probability.
  • Physics: equations of motion, Newton’s laws, gravitation, work–energy, light and electricity for classes 9–10; units and errors, projectiles, rotation, fluids, heat, thermodynamics, SHM and waves for class 11; electrostatics, current, magnetism, EMI, AC, optics and modern physics for class 12.

Formula sheet for geometry and SAT math

The geometry and SAT sheet covers the same ground as the reference box on the SAT — areas of rectangles, triangles and circles, the Pythagorean theorem, the 30°–60°–90° and 45°–45°–90° triangles, volumes of a box, cylinder, sphere, cone and pyramid, and angle facts — plus the algebra you are expected to know without a sheet: slope, line equations, the distance and mid-point formulas, circle equations, the quadratic formula, vertex form and exponential growth.

How to revise with a formula sheet

Knowing a formula is not the same as knowing when to use it, so read each one with its name and the chapter it belongs to. Print one chapter at a time and cover the right-hand column to test yourself, or turn the formulas into cards with the flashcard maker. For trigonometry, the unit circle shows where the standard values come from, and the quadratic equation solver checks your answers step by step. The formulas were written for this page from the standard results taught in school; check your own syllabus, as boards occasionally drop or add topics.

Maths & Physics Formula Sheet (Class 9–12) FAQ

Where can I get a formula sheet for class 10 maths?

Right here — choose “Class 10 Maths”. It lists the formulas chapter by chapter; press Download PDF to save or print it.

Is there a formula sheet for physics class 12?

Yes. Choose “Class 12 Physics” for electrostatics, current electricity, magnetism, EMI, AC, optics, dual nature, atoms and nuclei.

Can I print only one chapter?

Yes. Pick the chapter in the Chapter box; the preview and PDF update to that chapter only.

Does it include the SAT math formula sheet?

It includes a geometry and SAT math sheet with the formulas on the SAT reference box and the algebra formulas the test expects you to know.

Why do some symbols look different in the PDF?

Greek letters and maths signs use the standard PDF Symbol font so they print sharply; the shapes can differ slightly from the on-screen font.

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